The rules for biomedical waste disposal are clear. The guidelines exist, the penalties are defined, and the responsibility is assigned. Yet, in India’s small cities, biomedical waste continues to find its way into drains, water bodies, open fields, and garbage dumps. Why does this happen? Why do small cities struggle to manage their medical waste safely?

बायोमेडिकल कचरा निपटाने के नियम तो स्पष्ट हैं। दिशा-निर्देश मौजूद हैं, जुर्माने तय हैं, और जिम्मेदारी भी तय की गई है। फिर भी, भारत के छोटे शहरों में बायोमेडिकल कचरा नालों, जल स्रोतों, खुले मैदानों और कूड़ेदानों में मिलता रहता है। ऐसा क्यों होता है? छोटे शहर अपने मेडिकल कचरे को सुरक्षित तरीके से प्रबंधित करने में क्यों असमर्थ हैं?

India generates over 62 million tonnes of waste annually, but most of it ends up in landfills. Despite national targets, source segregation remains low, and cities struggle with treating waste effectively. Yet, places like Alappuzha, Panaji, and Ambikapur showing the way with local solutions and community efforts. With rising waste and shrinking space, it’s clear that city-led innovation is the way forward.

Kochi is grappling with toxic fumes from a fire at the Brahmapuram waste plant, worsening the city’s air quality. While this incident highlights the risks of poorly managed landfills, it’s far from an isolated case. Cities across India are dealing with similar fires. As waste management struggles, could innovative solutions like zero-landfill models and advanced technologies provide a way forward?

Towering landfills like Ghazipur are more than just urban eyesores; they’re a looming health threat! As cities struggle with legacy waste, some are turning to bio-mining to reclaim land and reduce pollution. Chandigarh’s Dadumajra dumpsite is one such effort, aiming to transform waste into reusable resources. With SBM 2.0 pushing smaller cities to act, could bio-mining be the solution to India’s waste mountain crisis?

In small towns like Ambikapur, Alappuzha, and Vengurla, waste management has taken a turn for the innovative. From exchanging plastic for meals to transforming landfills into parks, these cities are showing that size doesn't limit creativity. What if these local solutions could inspire change on a larger scale? How might our own cities rethink waste management to create a cleaner, more sustainable future?

From the turn of the 19th century to today, public health in urban spaces has been shaped by both reform and crisis. The shift in responsibility from state to local bodies has given rise to innovative solutions in cities, big and small, across India. In embracing cleaner, more sustainable practices, how are cities redefining local governance’s role in urban health? And what does this shift mean for the cities we often overlook?